Lesson 1: What is Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV)?

Lesson Source Information

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• Gupta P, Green JW, Tang X, et al. Comparison of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in pediatric respiratory failure. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(3):243-249.
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• Pandor A, Thokala P, Goodacre S, et al. Pre-hospital non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19(42):v-102.
• Milési C, Boubal M, Jacquot A, et al. High-flow nasal cannula: recommendations for daily practice in pediatrics. Ann Intensive Care. 2014;4:29.
• Mauri T, Cambiaghi B, Spinelli E, et al. Spontaneous breathing: a double-edged sword to handle with care. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(14):292.
• Seyfi S, Amri P, Mouodi S. New modalities for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation: a review article. Caspian J Intern Med. 2019;10(1):1-6.
• Hess DR. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Respir Care. 2013;58(6):950-972.
• Adapted from: Seyfi S, Amri P, Mouodi S. New modalities for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation: a review article. Caspian J Intern Med. 2019;10(1):1-6.
• Scala R, Pisani L. Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure: which recipe for success? Eur Respir Rev. 2018;27(149):180029.
• Pinto VL, Sharma S. Continuous positive airway pressure. StatPearls. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482178/#_NBK482178_pubdet_. Accessed on 20 April, 2022.
• Davidson AC, Banham S, Elliott M, et al. BTS/ICS guideline for the ventilatory management of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in adults. Thorax. 2016;71 Suppl 2:ii1-ii35.
• Hess DR. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Respir Care. 2013;58(6):950-972.
• Pinto VL, Sharma S. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. [Updated 2022 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482178/.
• Oxygen saturation targets in critical care • LITFL • CCC. Available from: https://litfl.com/oxygen-saturation-targets-in-critical-care/.
• Mora Carpio AL, Mora JI. Positive End-Expiratory Pressure. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441904/.

Abbreviations

• CO₂ - Carbon Dioxide
• CPAP - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
• BIPAP - Bi-Level Airway Pressure
• COPD - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• EPAP - Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure
• FiO₂ - Fraction of Inspired Oxygen
• IPAP - Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
• PaO₂ - Partial Pressure of Oxygen
• PEEP - Positive End Expiratory Pressure
• PS - Pressure Support
• SpO₂ - Oxygen Saturation
• WOB - Work of Breathing
• NIV - Non-Invasive Ventilation
• EPEP - Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure
• HF - High-Flow
• HFOV - High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation
• NIV - Non-Invasive Ventilation (repeat for emphasis or correction)